I just realised why it's so unbelievable that I only recently got the movie Battle of Britain from Andy, and I only recently found my copy of European Air War. Wow, I've been slow! September marks the anniversary of the greatest phase of the most famous air campaign known to man: the Battle of Britain.
Between July and October 1940, the Royal Air Force faced incredible odds and the might of the German Luftwaffe. If they failed in their duty, Britain would have fallen to a German invasion.
15 September was the anniversary of Battle of Britain Day, the greatest single day of aerial combat in the entire campaign. Well, I missed that, but I'm going to make up for it. Have a history lesson...and if it bores you, your problem, not mine!
The Most Important Men in the Battle of Britain
Naturally, the pilots on both sides were the most important figures in the Battle, as they fought and died for their countries. But I'm going to focus on three individuals in particular, all three from the Royal Air Force.

Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh C. T. Dowding
Dowding was in charge of Fighter Command of the Royal Air Force. He's looks rather humourless, and he was, which earned him the nickname "Stuffy", but in actual fact he was a genuine chap. And he was English, which meant that he called people "chaps" in real life. Probably.
But Dowding was more than just a chap. He was a strategic genius. He told Churchill during the Battle of France that Britain could not afford to send one more fighter over to France, because the struggle for that country was lost, and if the resources of the RAF were continually drained, Britain herself would also be defeated. He understood the odds his pilots were facing; at a meeting with the Air Minister, the exasperated politician shouted "Damn it, man! We have nearly 650 planes!". Dowding looked at him nonchalantly and said "And they have 2,600 aircraft...but the essential arithmetic is that our young men will have to shoot down their young men at the rate of four to one, if we're to keep pace at all."
Dowding's tactic of using the new radar to detect approaching formations, the Observer Corps to watch them as they crossed the coast, and then single squadrons to engage the enemy, kept Fighter Command casualties down, and without this, the Battle would have been lost.

Air Vice Marshal Sir Keith Park
Park was a New Zealander, in charge of 11 Group, the squadrons focused on England's south-east and around London. He was a keen supporter of Dowding, and knew that it was more important to protect the RAF's airfields than protect London, because without those airfields the RAF was useless. A stickler for the rules, he insisted that the squadrons on the coast should be able to have all 16 planes in the air just two minutes after the pilots were ordered to scramble, and viewed the average time of 6 minutes as wholly unacceptable. It could justifiably be claimed that Park and Dowding together put down the framework that won the Battle of Britain. Whether New Zealander Park liked fush and chups is unknown.

Air Vice Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory
Keith Park was liked by the pilots and by Dowding. Trafford Leigh-Mallory was not. The British fighter ace Ginger Lacey once claimed that "Leigh-Mallory was a clot", and it is obvious to see why. Look at him. Humourless git. Cut his moustache and you'd see Hitler. Almost.
But seriously, Leigh-Mallory was not a very good tactician. He commanded 12 Group, north of London, and insisted on using a tactic known as the "Big Wing", where many squadrons would try and attack German bombers en masse after they'd hit their targets. Which was a fine idea if the Big Wing could find the Germans. Usually, they didn't. Leigh-Mallory's 12 Group was tasked with protecting Park's airfields. The airfields got pasted. Park did not like Leigh-Mallory.
The Most Important Machines of the Battle of Britain
What story about the Battle of Britain would be complete without the aircraft?

Supermarine Spitfire Mk.I
The most famous aircraft ever, the Spitfire proved itself beyond a shadow of a doubt during the Battle. Afterwards, it claimed all the credit for Britain's victory, too. If you ask anyone which plane won the Battle of Britain, they'll say "the Spitfire". In actual fact, Spitfires only accounted for just under one-third of Fighter Command's strength at the beginning of the Battle. But they were the fastest and best-armed fighters in the RAF inventory, capable of 355mph and with an armament of eight Browning 0.303in machine guns. They were also the most manoeuvrable fighter produced by either Britain or Germany. Spitfires would usually take on the dreaded Messerschmitt Bf-109 fighters, while their less glamorous counterparts, the Hurricanes, intercepted the Luftwaffe's bombers. Legend has it that Hermann Göring once asked Adolf Galland, Germany's best fighter ace, what would be needed for the Luftwaffe to win the Battle once and for all. Galland replied, "Give me a squadron of Spitfires."

Hawker Hurricane Mk.I
Not as beautiful, fast or manoeuvrable as the Spitfire, the Hurricane was still the most important aircraft for the RAF during the Battle of Britain. Also armed with eight Brownings, the Hurricane was deadly against the lumbering heavy bombers of the Luftwaffe, but also successful against the Messerschmitts, because it was still more manoeuvrable than the Bf-109. Hurricanes also differed from the Spitfire in that they were covered in Irish linen, which meant that they were far more serviceable than the Spitfire. The wooden airframe also made it more durable; on more than one occasion, Hurricane pilots used their wings to slice through the tails of enemy bombers and fighters alike, causing the destruction of the German plane but not of the Hurricane! In 1940 Hurricanes accounted for two-thirds of the RAF's fighter strength.

Boulton-Paul Defiant Mk.I
The Defiant played a very minor role in the Battle. The idea was to use it as a bomber-destroyer, capable of using the heavy machine guns in its turret to blast bombers out of the sky from any angle. In practice the gunner more often than not blew his own plane's tail to pieces. The Defiant was also easy meat for the Messerschmitts, and soon they were relegated to the role of night-fighter.

Messerschmitt Bf-109E
The most feared German fighter, achieving a legendary status second only to the Spitfire. The -109 was as fast as the Spitfire, and thus speedier than the Hurricane, but had a wider turning circle. The major disadvantage the -109 had was that it only had enough fuel for 30 minutes over England once it had crossed the Channel from France. This meant that the furthest it could fly was London before being forced to return to base. When that happened, the bombers were without protection. Adolf Galland scored some fifty kills during the Battle in his Bf-109.

Messerschmitt Bf-110C
The -110 was created as a long-range Zerstörer, a similar concept to the Defiant. Unfortunately for the Germans, the Bf-110, though an excellent aircraft, was too slow and unmanoeuvrable to have any chance against the RAF's Hurricanes and Spitfires, and this led to the ridiculous situation of Bf-110s, acting as escorts for bombers, themselves being escorted by Bf-109s! After the Battle, -110s would make a name for themselves as exceptional fighter-bombers and night-fighters, but during the Battle, they were toast.

Junkers Ju-87B Stuka
The infamous Stuka (short for Sturzkampfflugzeug) dive-bomber had made a name for itself in Poland and France as a terrifying machine, screaming through the clouds with an unearthly whine, before dropping bombs with pinpoint accuracy. When the Battle began, Stukas went up against the radar stations at Dover and Ventnor, putting them out of action. However, it was also during the Battle that they were shown to be vulnerable to the British fighters. One fighter pilot remarked that taking on unescorted Stukas was like "shooting rats in a barrel."

Heinkel He-111H
The principal Luftwaffe bomber, the He-111 was rugged and dependable, and proved adept at flattening London and Coventry, in particular. But like most of the Luftwaffe's bombers, it was adapted from a passenger plane, and was thus poorly designed for use in wartime. Its defensive armament proved woefully inadequate against British fighters.
The Heinkel captured British imagination for two reasons:
1. Because one of them crashed into the tracks at Victoria Station.
2. Because it was a German plane not called "Messerschmitt".
Here endeth today's history lesson.